Tugas 1

REPORTED SPEECH
 
Definition

       Reported speech is a means of expressing the content of statement, questions or other utterances , without quoting them explicity as is done in reported speech. In terms of grammar, reported speech often makes use of certain syntactic structures such as content clauses and sometimes infinitive phares. Reference to questions in reported speech frequently take the form of interrogative content clauses, also called reported questions.

       In reported speech certain grammatical categories are changed relative to the words of the original sentence. When written, reported speech is not normally enclosed in quotation marks or any similar typographical devices for indicating that a direct quotation of someone's words.

How to change

    In reported speech, words generally have referents appropriate to the context in which the act of reporting takes place, rather than that in which the act of reporting takes place, rather than that in which the speech act being reported took place. The two act often differ in reference point (origo) - the point in time and place and the person speaking - and also in the person being addressed and the linguistic context. Thus when a sentence is put into reported speech. In particular this commonly affects:

• personal pronouns, such as I, you, he.we, and the corresponding verbs forms (in pro-drop languanges the meaning of the pronoun may be conveyed solely by verb inflection).
• demonstratives, such as this and that
• phares or relative time or place such as now, yesterday and here

There may also be a change of tense or other modifications to the form of the verb, such as change of mood. These changes depend on the grammar of the languange in question. It should be noted that reported speech act that has actually taken place; it may concern future or hypothetical discourse; for example, if you ask hm why he's wearing that hat, he'll tell you to mind your own business. Also, even when referring to a known completed speech act, the reporter may deviate freely from the words that were actually used, provided the meaning is retained. This contarst with direct speech. where there is an expectation that the original words will be reproduced exactly.

REFERENCE:
http://en.wikipedia.org