Tugas 4

REPORTED QUESTIONS

Toni asked me “Where is the Post Office, please?”	Toni asked me where the Post Office was.
Maria asked me “What are you doing?”	Maria asked me what I was doing.
Dita asked to me “Who was that fantastic man?”	Dita asked me who that fantastic man had been.
Mario asked me “Have you ever been to Mexico?””	Mario asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Tika asked me “Are you living here?”	Tika asked me if I was living here.
Vania asked me “Could you bring my book tonight?”	Vania asked me to bring her book that night.
Mike asked me “Would you mind coming early tomorrow?”	Mike asked me to come early the next day.
Nita asked me "where is Julie?"	Nita asked me where Julie was.

Tugas 3

EXAMPLE FOR REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH TO REPORTED SPEECH

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	“I like ice cream”	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	“I am living in London”	She said she was living in London.
past simple	“I bought a car”	She said she had bought a car OR She said she bought a car.
past continuous	“I was walking along the street”	She said she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	“I haven't seen Julie”	She said she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	“I had taken English lessons before”	She said she had taken English lessons before.
will	“I'll see you later”	She said she would see me later.
can	“I can speak perfect English”	She said she could speak perfect English.
could*	“I could swim when I was four”	She said she could swim when she was four.
shall	“I shall come later”	She said she would come later.

Tugas 2

HOW TO MAKE REPORTED SPEECH

We used reported speech when we want to repeat what someone had previously said. In reported speech we need to use the past tense from of the verb. In direct speech the present tense is used. As you can see, in the above sentence 'am' changes to 'was' when we use reported speech.

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?

• Direct speech: "Where do you live?"

How can we make the reported speech here?

In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. Confusing? Sorry, maybe this example will help:

• Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change the verb to the past simple.

Another example:

• Direct speech: "where is Julie?"
• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.

The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to change them back before putting the verb into the past simple.

Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

• Direct speech: "Close the window, please"
• Or: "Could you close the window please?"
• Or: "Would you mind closing the window please?"

All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':

• Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.

Reported Orders

And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example:

• Direct speech: "Sit down!"

In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask':

• Reported speech: She told me to sit down.

REFERENCE: 

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com

http://www.ecenglish.com

Tugas 1

REPORTED SPEECH
 
Definition

       Reported speech is a means of expressing the content of statement, questions or other utterances , without quoting them explicity as is done in reported speech. In terms of grammar, reported speech often makes use of certain syntactic structures such as content clauses and sometimes infinitive phares. Reference to questions in reported speech frequently take the form of interrogative content clauses, also called reported questions.

       In reported speech certain grammatical categories are changed relative to the words of the original sentence. When written, reported speech is not normally enclosed in quotation marks or any similar typographical devices for indicating that a direct quotation of someone's words.

How to change

    In reported speech, words generally have referents appropriate to the context in which the act of reporting takes place, rather than that in which the act of reporting takes place, rather than that in which the speech act being reported took place. The two act often differ in reference point (origo) - the point in time and place and the person speaking - and also in the person being addressed and the linguistic context. Thus when a sentence is put into reported speech. In particular this commonly affects:

• personal pronouns, such as I, you, he.we, and the corresponding verbs forms (in pro-drop languanges the meaning of the pronoun may be conveyed solely by verb inflection).
• demonstratives, such as this and that
• phares or relative time or place such as now, yesterday and here

There may also be a change of tense or other modifications to the form of the verb, such as change of mood. These changes depend on the grammar of the languange in question. It should be noted that reported speech act that has actually taken place; it may concern future or hypothetical discourse; for example, if you ask hm why he's wearing that hat, he'll tell you to mind your own business. Also, even when referring to a known completed speech act, the reporter may deviate freely from the words that were actually used, provided the meaning is retained. This contarst with direct speech. where there is an expectation that the original words will be reproduced exactly.

REFERENCE:
http://en.wikipedia.org

MONORAIL

       Monorail is a rail-based transportation system based on a single rail, which act as its sole support and its sole support and its guideway. the term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system, or the vehicles traveling on such a beam or track. the term is often used erroneously to describe any from of elevated rail or people mover. In the fact, the term refers to the style of track, not its elevation.

       Monorail system have found shared applications in the transportation market in airport transfer and some medium capacity metro system. Monorail Society further clarifies the definition of a monorail such that the beam in a monorail system is narrower than the vehicle. Modern monorails are always partitioned from other traffic and pedestrians. Monorails are both guided and supported via interaction with the same single beam, in contrast to other guided system such as Rubber-tryed metros.

       Modern monorails depend on a large solid beam as the vehicles running surface. There are a number of competing designs divided into two broad classes, straddle-beam and suspended monorails. Almost all modern monorails are powered by electric motors fed by dual third rail, contact wires or electrified channels attached to or enclosed in their guidance beams.

       Magnetic levitation train system by the German Transrapid were built as straddle-type monorails, as they are highly stable and allow rapid deceleration from great speed. When in full-speed operation maglev trains hover over the track and are thus not in physical contact with it.

       Current operating monorails are capable of more effcient switching than in the past. In the case of suspended monorails, switching may be accomplished by moving flanges inside the beamway to shift trains to one line or another.

       Many countries in the world used the monorails. for example Amerika, Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea, and much more......

      Jakarta governor will make a monorail to ease traffic congestion in Jakarta, so let's see what's happening in Jakarta after monorail was built.

LOVE

Love is a word of millions meaning.

 Love can make our life colorful like white, red, yellow, blue and black.

 Love can make we feel a lot of feeling like loved, cherished, hurt, mad, happy and sadness.

some people say love is foolishness because love can change a person's personality from good to bad, bad to good, humorous to reserved, reseved to humorous.









Sometimes love can make a person willing to spend his own life.









But that's love, we must accept all risk with gracefully because we have chosen to feel the love

APAKAH KE 6 PILAR TERSEBUT SESUAI DENGAN BANGSA KITA?

BELUM

ALASAN : Karena nasih banyak pejabat negara ini yang melakukan korupsi hal ini membuktikan kurangnya kejujuran dalam bangsa ini. Lalu masih ada sikap yang membeda bedakan suka agama dan ras di beberapa daerah hingga terkadang sampai menimbulkan konflik. Lalu juga masih kurangnya keadilan dalam hukum seperti maling ayam yang tertangkap diberikan hukuman kurugan selama 15thn namun disisi lain para koruptor hanya mendapatkan hukuman ringan dan terkadang masih bisa bebas dari hukuman.Dan masih banyak lg kekurangan bangsa ini yang memperkuat hipotesis saya bahwa karakter bangsa ini belum sesuai dengan ke 6 pilar tersebut.

BAGIAN YANG PALING PENTING DIANTARA 6 PILAR KARAKTER

Menurut saya semua bagian dari ke enam pilar tersebut sangatlah penting karena semua pilar memiliki kesinambungan dan saling berhubungan dan semua manusia harus memiliki ke enam pilar tersebut. Agar tidak terjadi kegoncangan atau ketidakseimbangan dalam karakter dirinya.Namun bagi saya dari ke enam pilar tersebut KEJUJURAN lah yang paling penting, karena kalau kita sudah mempunyai pilar tersebut pilar pilar lainnya pun dengan sendirinya akan kita miliki juga. Jadi mulai sekarang mulai lah untuk bersikap jujur agar kita memiliki karakter yang bagus dan sempurna.

CONTOH NYATA DARI 6 PILAR KARAKTER

1. KEJUJURAN (TRUSTWORTHINESS)

Transparansi pengeluaran anggaran yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah agar masyarakat percaya dan tidak merasa dibohongi.